Typographic Tips: Apostrophes & Quotation Marks
Quotes can be smart or dumb. To set type intelligently, read this easy introduction to the differences between prime symbols, acute accents, apostrophes, and quotation marks.
Written by Akira Kobayashi on June 21, 2006
Related Articles
Related Reading

Which glyph is correct: the inch, the acute, or the apostrophe? This article describes the proper use of the pesky punctuation mark that signifies omission and forms the possessive (and sometimes plurals).
Apostrophes

Prime symbol, used above to incorrectly create the possessive.
One correct use of the prime symbol is the representation of feet (a unit of measurement common in the United States); for example, 8' = 8 feet.

Acute accent, used above to incorrectly create the possessive.
The acute accent is properly used as a component of diacritic characters; for example, á, é, í, ó, ú.

Apostrophe: an apostrophe is correctly used above to form the possessive.

In general, an apostrophe curves like a little number nine (9), but the specific form can vary depending on the overall typeface design.
Quotation Marks

Double prime symbol, used above to incorrectly set a quotation. The use of the double prime in quotations is often dubbed "dumb quotes."
One correct use of the double prime symbol is the representation of inches (unit of measurement common in the United States); for example, 8' 6" = 8 feet 6 inches.

Left and right double quotes. Quotation marks look similar to apostrophes. The left quotes opening the quotation above look like two little sixes (66), while the right quotes closing the quotation look like two little nines (99).
Different countries and languages have their own styles and customs for the setting of quotations. Get more information about local specifications.

Left and right single quotes. Different countries and languages have their own styles and customs for the setting of quotations. Get more information about local specifications.
HTML Values
Here are the HTML values of all the special characters used in these samples:

Akira Kobayashi is Linotype's Type Director and an award-winning type designer.












Simple answers to very common type mistakes
Required reading for all professional designers!
(almost) completely helpful
The article doesn't answer the following question: is there a difference between the glyphs for a right single quotation mark and an apostrophe?
Keystrokes for prime characters
Having set InDesign and Word for typographer quotes, I find myself annoyed when I want to represent feet or inches. I wonder, what are simple keystrokes to use without having to reset, and reset again, preferences?
Vertical primes should not be used for inch/foot
On the Mac (sorry, I do not know how to access on a PC), pressing Shift-Option-e will give you an angled prime (for the foot mark) and Shift-Option-g will give you a double angled prime (for the inch mark). Using a vertical prime or vertical double prime (aka, the non-curly quote) is just as typographically wrong as using non-curly quotes for quoting. A curious oversight.
This is fabulous
'Nuff said!
But what's the HTML value for apostrophe?
Echoing LesBrown's comment, thanks for the very helpful and informative article, but the HTML value list at the end of it omits a critical detail - the character code for the typographic apostrophe itself??
Correct characters for primes
I understand that straight quotes are considered acceptable for primes, but it is more correct/preferable to use the actual (slightly-slanted) prime characters: ′ and ″ (
′ and ″ or ′ and ″).See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_%28symbol%29
Wes
Numeric entities
The numeric HTML entities did not come through as code in that last post. They are #8242 and #8243.
Wes
"Dumb quotes"
The use of the double prime in quotations is often dubbed "dumb quotes."
Was the use of double primes here intended as irony?