Scanning Around with Gene: Seeing Pictures With Both Eyes

Long before the word "stereo" became widely associated with audio, it was used to describe photographs.
Written by Gene Gable on May 7, 2010

When I die and go to my Heaven, it’s going to look like a store in Berkeley, California, called Urban Ore, a three-acre complex of other people’s discards that are just shy of being deemed junk. The store will also be someone else’s Hell, I’m quite sure.

You’ll find pink toilets, French doors, bay windows, and working laserdisc players at Urban Ore, along with just about anything else you can imagine someone once owning, and a few things you can’t. I go there as often as I can, for the tapestry of goods at Urban Ore is ever-changing.

On my last trip I picked up a couple of photography magazines from 1949 to 1957. There were two issues of Popular Photography, one of Modern Photography, and one just called Photography. I intend to mine these gems for multiple column themes, but what surprised me on my first pass through was the amount of ads for stereo cameras and stereo-photography gear. Click on any image for a larger version.

For almost as long as there’s been photography, there have been attempts to bring dimension and depth to it. Early stereo photos (the field is called stereography) consisted of two side-by-side black-and-white prints, which you viewed through a special “binocular-like” viewer called a stereoscope. Here are two examples of that style of stereo images from the Library of Congress. I’m told if you cross your eyes just the right way, you can see the stereo image without the special viewer, but I gave up when I got a splitting headache.

To be honest, these old black-and-white stereo images bore me once the novelty wears off. But who doesn’t love the vivid-color, cartoon-like, three-dimensional pseudo-realism of the old Viewmaster pictures-on-a-wheel? Until I looked at the photography magazines from Urban Ore, I didn't understood how companies like Viewmaster made those wonderful images, or that you could take such photographs yourself.

In the late 1940s, the debut of the Stereo Realist camera and viewer ushered in a mini-fad of three-dimensional home photography. Many different cameras were available to take stereo photographs, such as these I found on Wikipedia.

The trick to stereo images is to take the same picture twice, once from the position of each eye (about 2.5 inches apart). You don’t actually need a special camera to do this -- you could move a single-image camera -- but it’s obviously easier and more accurate to make both exposures at the same time.

This slight difference in viewing angle is what creates the illusion of depth. The science of how we see things spatially is a bit complicated (there’s a reason Avatar cost so much to make), so I won’t try to explain it, but these special cameras, combined with special viewers, did the job just fine.

As you can see, there were even attachments for regular cameras to split the image into two versions, and special flash attachments to more evenly light a scene. Quite a little industry grew up around stereo photography.

Unfortunately, the burden of special viewing devices was too great for the medium to overcome, and the fad mostly died out. We now have lenticular images, and the cinema is enjoying a 3-D resurgence, but by and large these days "stereo" is what comes out of your iPod.

It looks like it might be a fun hobby, though I’m a little bit afraid to look on eBay and see what a good used stereo camera and viewer go for. But if I ever run across these items at Urban Ore, you can bet I’ll bring them home and stack them next to all those laserdisc players I just couldn’t pass up.

1

Stereo viewing without a viewer.

Crossing your eyes will not help in seeing the stereo effect, unless you switch the left with the right image. Actually, with a little practice, it's fairly easy to view these images directly. It may help to place a piece of cardboard (about 10 inches long) between the two images. This will prevent the right eye from looking at the left image, and vice versa.

2

Realist

Don’t nail the lid on the coffin of stereo photography yet! It is still is alive and well. There are a number of companies and societies dedicated to 3D photography. Recent movies have brought stereo to the forefront again, but it never really went away.

I’ve been shooting with a realist for the last 5-10 years--my cameras predate me by nearly a decade. There is a wide variety of modern mounts available to allow stereo images to be viewed relatively easily. I have hand-held viewers and a TDC projector / silver screen. While the cameras were expensive in their day, thanks to ebay, they can be had today for a fraction of their former cost. The number of companies catering to 3D photographers helps keep the passion alive.

In the last year, 3D went digital as well with Fuji’s recently introduced stereo camera. The display on the camera and a specialized frame allows one to see in 3D without special glasses. There is also a cottage industry out there that mates point and shoot cameras to produce digital pairs. And, software is available to accommodate a range of viewing options.

3

Stereo Views

All these cameras had only one viewfinder!

4

A fad with a following too, still out here,,,

it may sound a fad, yet a core of devotees has been shooting with the Realist for forty or more years. The cameras popularity was very great and was promoted via a picture of Presicent Eisenhower snapping away with the Realist. The Viewmaster camera was not super successful. Fixed focus limited adjustments and its main virtue being an enormous return on a roll of Kodachrome. You realize that Kodachrome 25 a grainless color film was ESENTIAL to the process...(viewers blew up grain big time on Ekdtachrome of the day( A few little add ons to your discovery ...aloha Gerry Siegel

5

Hidden Image Stereograms

Hello Gene!

I enjoyed your article and can see the stereo images. But I agree that after a while it does tend to give me a headache. These must work just like the hidden image stereograms that were so popular a few years ago. I think these old ones are better! I never realized you could view these old stereograms without the viewer. I'll have to purchase a few the next time I see any at an antique store.

Pat in Missouri

6

... and what about those wire recorders?

Visiting stereo photography was a wonderful tour down memory lane. It was good to note that writer Gene Gable also liked the laser discs and other goodies in Berkeley's Urban Ore.

One of the great mysteries from the late 40s was the wire recorder. An aluminum reel, about three inches in diameter, held a mile of very fine stainless steel wire. This recorded anything from music live or broadcast to great Joe Louis boxing matches. Then the technology disappeared. It was replaced by magnetic tape which lasted until CDs provided more convenience and diversity.
Bill Eger
----------
An old man, a writer who likes people, living in the middle of the Pacific ocean near volcanoes, in the tradewinds and soft bird songs.

7

stereo photography

Hi Gene,

Enjoyed your article.

Stereophotography is quite fun. I have used tricks to take stereophotographs ad stereomicrophotographs in labs several times. The taking is easy, displaying the results to the casual viewer is more difficult. I can now look at pairs of pictures funny and see the stereo image, but it took a lot of practice to develop this ability. Most people don't have viewers just laying around.

Stereophotography it turns out has been around for quite a while. Several years ago I received a present of the book "The Civil War in Depth" which has stereo versions of well known pictures of battle fields and other things. Some by Matthew Brady. One camera had four lenses. I can't say I understand that one.

Bill T.

8

viewmaster

Thanks, Gene. I remember the old family Viewmaster (in fact, it's still at the the cottage ) but I didn't know there were stereo cameras.

Sheila J

Post a Comment

  • Allowed HTML tags: <a> <em> <strong> <cite> <code> <ul> <ol> <li> <dl> <dt> <dd> <p> <div> <br> <center> <img> <h2>
  • Lines and paragraphs break automatically.
  • Use <!--pagebreak--> to create page breaks.

More information about formatting options

CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Image CAPTCHA
Copy the characters (respecting upper/lower case) from the image.
WebInk