TypeTalk: Get to Know the Long s

 

Ever wonder what’s the purpose of the character that looks like a lowercase f with a short crossbar? And why is it in some fonts but not others?

This mysterious character is not an f but a long s, which derived from the old Roman cursive medial s. In its upright form, it looks like f without the right side of the crossbar. The italic form of the long s usually lacks the crossbar entirely. Both the long and short forms of the lowercase s were used up until about 1800, after which they went out of fashion in most printing.

In this setting of Adobe Caslon Pro, the top line uses the modern lowercase short s (traditionally called the miniscule s). The lower two lines illustrate the different designs of the Roman (upright) and Italic versions of the long s.

Because OpenType fonts can accommodate thousands of characters, the long s is popping up again in some typefaces. The two and three-letter long s ligatures are most often categorized as Standard Ligatures, while the single version is usually classified as a Historical Form.

Use the long s and its variants judiciously, as today’s readers are apt to read a long s as an f. But when you’re aiming for an historical look and feel, go for it!

To enter a long s in text in InDesign or Illustrator, type a regular lowercase s and select it. Then head to the Glyphs panel and click and hold on the highlighted glyph to view the popup menu where you can choose alternates for the s, including the long one.

This facsimile of a 1738 newspaper set in Caslon Old Face contains the long s and its variants.

For more detailed information, check out James Mosley’s scholarly explanation.

Ilene Strizver is a noted typographic educator, author, designer and founder of The Type Studio in Westport, Connecticut. Her book, Type Rules! The designer’s guide to professional typography, is now in its 4th edition.
  • Jeepers says:

    Satirist Stan Freberg takes a humorous jab at the long s in his comedy album, The United States of America—The Early Years. Ben Franklin complains to Thomas Jefferson that all the s’s in the Declaration of Independence look like f’’s.

  • Strizver says:

    For more information on the rules for using the long s, go to https://babelstone.blogspot.com/2006/06/rules-for-long-s.html

    Thanks, Ilene
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    T H E T Y P E S T U D I O
    Westport, CT
    203.227.5929
    http://www.thetypestudio.com/

  • Anonymous says:

    How do you actually insert this character in MS Word or Dreamweaver. I can’t find it anywhere.

  • Anonymous says:

    To answer my own question you type 017F and then Alt+X. I also found it in the Adobe Caslon Pro special characters in the Latin Extended-A section. Again in HTML it is (without the spaces)
    & # 3 8 3 ;

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